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Maude E. Callen : ウィキペディア英語版
Maude E. Callen
Maude E. Callen (November 8, 1898,〔Darlene Clark Hine, "Taking care of bodies, babies and business: Black women health professionals in South Carolina, 1895–1954"; in Elizabeth Anne Payne, ed, ''Writing Women's History: A Tribute to Anne Firor Scott'' (University Press of Mississippi, 2011), pp. 133–136. Much of this is displayed (here ) in Google Books. Accessed 4 October 2013.〕 in Quincy, Florida – January 23, 1990,〔 in Pineville, South Carolina) was a nurse-midwife in the South Carolina Lowcountry for over 60 years. Her work was brought to national attention in W. Eugene Smith's photo essay, "Nurse Midwife," published in ''Life'' in December 1951.
==Early life and education==
Maude E. Callen was born in Quincy, Florida in 1898. She had twelve sisters and was orphaned by the age of six. She was brought up in the home of her uncle Dr. William J. Gunn, a physician in Tallahassee, Florida.〔Jeanne Bryner, "Maude Callen", ''Tenderly Lift Me: Nurses Honored, Celebrated, and Remembered'' (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2004), pp. 63–64; (here ) at Google Books.〕
Callen devoted her life to nursing in some of the most poverty-stricken areas in the southern United States. She graduated from Florida A. & M. College in 1922〔 and later completed a nursing course at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.〔 By 1923, she had set up her own practice as a nurse-midwife in Berkeley County, one of the poorest in South Carolina at the time. She received additional training from the Georgia Infirmary in Savannah and in tuberculosis care at the Homer G. Phillips Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri.〔

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